Introduction to Compilers and Language Design

A compiler translates a program written in a high level language into a program written in a lower level language. For students of computer science, building a compiler from scratch is a rite of passage: a challenging and fun project that offers insight into many different aspects of computer science, some deeply theoretical, and others highly practical.

This book offers a one semester introduction into compiler construction, enabling the reader to build a simple compiler that accepts a C-like language and translates it into working X86 or ARM assembly language. It is most suitable for undergraduate students who have some experience programming in C, and have taken courses in data structures and computer architecture.

This is a free online textbook: you are welcome to access the chapter PDFs
directly below. If you prefer to hold a real book, you can also purchase a hardcover or paperback below.
The textbook and materials have been developed by Prof. Douglas Thain as part of the CSE 40243 compilers class at the University of Notre Dame.
Join our mailing list to receive occasional announcements of new editions and other updates.

The author grants permission to download, print, and use these PDFs for personal and academic use. Commercial printing or distribution is prohibited. Instead of copying PDFs locally,
please point students to this page (compilerbook.org) so that they can access the latest version.

Code Resources. The compilerbook-examples github repository
contains additional resources that correspond to the book, including several scanners and parsers,
a starter code structure for the project compiler, and sample test cases for each stage of the
scanner, parser, typechecker, and code generator.

Errata. Found a typo or mistake? Please send an email to the author dthain at nd dot edu with the title “Compiler Book Errata” and I’ll be happy to correct it and acknowledge you in the next edition.